Table of Contents
Preface
1. Introduction
1.1 From "Get-Tough" to "Get-Smart"
1.2 Chapter Framework
1.3 A Note on Exclusions and Terminology
2. Justifying Punishment: A Moral and Economic Defense of Policy
2.1 Part I: Classic Philosophies of Punishment
2.2 Part II: Post-Classic Justifications of Punishment
2.3 Summary and Conclusions
3. Defining Punishment: The Essential Attributes of Penal Activity
3.1 What is Punishment? Definitions from the Academic Literature
3.2 What is Punishment? A Legal Framework
3.3 What is Punishment? A Social Control Framework
3.4 What is Punishment? A Power Theory Framework
3.5 Summary and Conclusions
4. Measuring Punishment: The Scope & Severity of Penal Activity
4.1 A Brief History on the Measurement of Punishment
4.2 Part I: The Scope of Penal Activity
4.3 Part II: The Severity of Penal Activity
4.4 Summary and Conclusions
5. Evaluating Punishment: "What Works" and the Pursuit of Effectiveness
5.1 The Expectations and Evaluation of Punishment: An Historical Perspective
5.2 The New Evidence-Based Culture
5.3 What We Know About "What Works"
5.4 Summary and Conclusions
6. Prescribing Punishment: Alternative Directions in Research & Policy
6.1 Conventions in Prescribing Research & Policy
6.2 Justifying Punishment: Loss Reduction as Penal Policy
6.3 Defining & Measuring Punishment: More Debate, More Data
6.4 Evaluating Punishment: Severity, Community and Insider Knowledge
6.5 Final Thoughts