Motivation and Learning Strategies for College Success: A Focus on Self-Regulated Learning
304
Motivation and Learning Strategies for College Success: A Focus on Self-Regulated Learning
304Hardcover(7th ed.)
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Overview
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781032472553 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
| Publication date: | 08/01/2023 |
| Edition description: | 7th ed. |
| Pages: | 304 |
| Product dimensions: | 7.00(w) x 10.00(h) x 0.75(d) |
About the Author
Myron H. Dembo is Emeritus Professor of Educational Psychology in the Rossier School of Education at the University of Southern California, USA.
Table of Contents
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
Credits xxiii
Part 1 Foundations of Learning and Motivation 1
Chapter 1 Academic Self-Regulation 3
What Is Academic Self-Regulation? 3
What Is the Difference between High School and College? 5
Why Are Some Students Less Successful Learners? 6
They Hold Faulty Beliefs about Their Ability, Learning, and Motivation 6
They Are Unaware of Their Ineffective Learning Behavior 6
They Fail to Sustain Effective Learning and Motivational Strategies 6
They Are Not Ready to Change Their Learning and Study Behavior 6
What Are the Six Components of Academic Self-Regulation? 7
Motivation 7
Methods of Learning 9
Use of Time 10
Physical and Social Environment 10
Monitoring Performance 11
What Does Academic Self-Regulation Look Like? 12
Exercise 1.1 Self-Observation: Assessing Your Self-Regulatory Skills 13
How Can I Change My Behavior? 14
How Does Self-Regulation Occur in an Academic Context? 16
Key Points 18
Follow-Up Activities 18
Chapter 2 Understanding Motivation 21
Motivational Problems 21
What Is Motivation and What Factors Influence It? 22
Motivated Behaviors 23
Sociocultural Factors 24
Classroom Environmental Factors 28
Exercise 2.1 Self-Observation: Analyzing My Personal and Sociocultural Background 29
Exercise 2.2 Self-Observation: Analyzing Classroom Experiences 30
Internal Factors 31
Exercise 2.3 Possible Selves: My Hopes, Expectations, and Fears about the Future (adapted from Oyserman & Markus, 1990) 33
Exercise 2.4 Identifying Mastery and Performance Goal Orientations 36
What Do I Believe to Be the Causes of My Successes and Failures? 38
Covington's Self-Worth Theory 39
Am I Motivated to Change My Academic Behavior? 43
I Can't Change 43
I Don't Want to Change 44
I Don't Know What to Change 45
I Don't Know How to Change 45
Key Points 47
Follow-Up Activities 47
Chapter 3 Understanding Learning and Memory 53
Where Does Learning Take Place in the Brain? 53
Is Intelligence Fixed or Malleable? 55
Why Is a Growth Mindset More Beneficial Than a Fixed Mindset? 55
Exercise 3.1 Self-Observation: Analyzing My Mindset 56
How Does the Information-Processing System Explain Learning? 57
Short-Term Sensory Store 58
Working Memory 59
Exercise 3.2 Demonstrating the Capacity of Working Memory 60
Long-Term Memory 61
What Are the Flaws in Human Memory? 62
What Is the Difference between Rote Learning and Meaningful Learning? 63
Which Learning Strategies Promote Learning and Retention? 64
Rehearsal Strategies 65
Elaboration Strategies 66
Organizational Strategies 67
Exercise 3.3 Demonstrating the Importance of Categorizing Knowledge 68
Exercise 3.4 Identifying Learning Strategies 69
Key Points 70
Follow-Up Activities 70
Part 2 Motivational Strategies 73
Chapter 4 Goal Setting 75
Why Are Values and Interests an Important Foundation to Goal Setting? 76
Exercise 4.1 Self-Observation: Identifying Your Values 77
Why Is Goal Setting Important? 78
What Properties of Goals Enhance Motivation? 80
What Are the Steps in the Goal-Setting Process? 80
Step 1 Identify and Define the Goal 80
Exercise 4.2 Writing Personal Goals 83
Step 2 Generate and Evaluate Alternative Plans 83
Step 3 Make Implementation Plans 83
Step 4 Implement the Plan 84
Step 5 Evaluate Your Progress 84
Key Points 86
Follow-Up Activities 86
Chapter 5 Self-Regulation of Emotions 89
Exercise 5.1 Self-Observation: Assessing Emotions 89
What Do We Know about College Students' Mental Health? 90
What Types of Solutions Are Available for Emotional and Mental Health Issues? 91
What Causes Our Emotions? 92
How Does Self-Talk Affect My Emotions and Behavior? 92
Exercise 5.2 Identify Irrational Thinking Patterns 93
What Do We Know about Stress and Anxiety among College Students? 94
What Are Some Self-Regulatory Solutions for Stress and Anxiety? 95
Catastrophizing 96
Shoulds 96
What Do We Know about Depression among College Students? 98
What Are Some Self-Regulatory Strategies to Address Depression? 99
Magnifying and Filtering 99
Overgeneralization 99
What Is the Impact of Boredom on Academic Performance? 100
What Are Self-Regulatory Strategies to Address Boredom? 100
Key Points 103
Follow-Up Activities 103
Part 3 Behavioral Strategies 107
Chapter 6 Time Management 109
What Is Time Management? 109
How Do You Use Your Time? 110
Exercise 6.1 Self-Observation: Assessing Time Wasters 110
Exercise 6.2 Self-Observation: Assessing Use of Time 111
What Are Some Effective Time-Management Strategies? 114
Set Regular Study Periods 114
Create an Environment That Is Relatively Free of Distractions and Interruptions 114
Schedule Tasks so They Can Be Accomplished in 30- to 60-Minute Blocks of Time 115
Take Short Breaks 115
Be Specific in Identifying How You Plan to Use Your Time 115
Alternate Subjects When You Have a Long Time Block Available for Study 115
Estimate the Time Needed for Each Assignment 116
Prioritize Tasks 116
Do the Assignments for the Course You Dislike First 116
Work Ahead of Your Assignments When Possible 116
Take Down Any Appointments as Soon as You Make Them in Your Smartphone or Calendar 117
Use Technology to Manage Your Time 117
How Do I Develop a System of Time Planning and Management? 117
Semester Calendar 118
Weekly Priority Tasks List 118
Weekly Schedule 118
What Is Procrastination? 121
What Are the Causes of Procrastination? 121
Procrastination and Technology 122
What Can I Do about My Tendency to Procrastinate? 122
Procrastination Elimination Strategies 122
Challenging and Changing Beliefs and Misperceptions 123
Exercise 6.3 Challenge Irrational Beliefs 124
Key Points 125
Follow-Up Activities 125
Chapter 7 Self-Regulation of the Physical and Social Environment 129
What Are the Costs of Task Switching? 130
Is There a Difference Between Attention and Concentration? 131
Exercise 7.1 Self-Observation: Evaluating Study Environments 132
What Factors Influence Attention and Concentration? 133
Exercise 7.2 Self-Observation: Becoming Aware of Misdirected Attention 133
Exercise 7.3 Self-Observation: Becoming Aware of Your Listening Habits 133
How Can I Improve My Attention and Concentration? 134
Exercise 7.4 Dealing with Distracters 135
How Do I Seek Academic Help? 136
What Motives Do Students Have for Communicating with Their Instructors? 138
How Can I Establish Effective Relationships with Instructors? 138
How Can I Work More Effectively in Groups? 139
How Can I Help Make My Study Group More Productive? 140
Ensure Group Size Stays within Four to Six Students 141
Make Each Group Participant Identifiable 141
Make Each Group Participant Accountable 141
Offer Incentives for Good Individual Performance 141
How Can I Improve My Communication Skills? 141
Sending Messages Effectively 141
Receiving Messages Effectively 143
Key Points 145
Follow-Up Activities 145
Part 4 Learning and Study Strategies 147
Chapter 8 Learning from Course Materials 149
Problems in Using Common Reading Strategies 149
What Does Research Tell Us about Skillful Readers? 150
Exercise 8.1 Self-Observation: Assessing Reading Strategies 151
What Learning Strategies Can I Use to Improve My Reading Comprehension and Retention from Textbooks? 151
Before Reading 152
Exercise 8.2 Understanding the Importance of Prior Knowledge 153
During Reading 154
After Reading 157
How Can I Construct Representations? 163
Identify and Use Signal Words 163
Exercise 8.3 Representations in Academic Content 163
Exercise 8.4 Self-Observation: Constructing Different Representations for the Material 164
What Learning Strategies Can I Use to Best Learn from e-Sources? 166
What Learning Strategies Can I Use to Best Learn from PowerPoint Slides? 166
Before Lecture 166
What Learning Strategies Can I Use to Best Learn from Video Captured Lectures? 166
Before Viewing 167
During Viewing 167
After Viewing 167
Key Points 168
Follow-Up Activities 168
Chapter 9 Learning from Class 171
Exercise 9.1 Self-Observation: Analyzing Note-Taking Strategies 173
How Can I Take Better Class Notes? 174
Before Class 174
During Class 175
After Class 177
Exercise 9.2 Practicing the Note-Taking Strategy 181
How Can I Ask Good Mirror Questions? 182
Exercise 9.3 Identifying the Different Levels of Questions in Class 182
How Do I Deal with Particular Note-Taking Problems or Issues? 183
Key Points 185
Follow-Up Activities 185
Chapter 10 Preparing for Exams 189
Exercise 10.1 Self-Observation: Assessing Exam Preparation 190
How Do I Develop a Study Plan? 190
Step 1 Determine the Content Coverage and Question Format of the Exam 191
Step 2 Organize and Separate the Content into Parts 192
Step 3 Identify Specific Study Strategies 193
Step 4 Identify the Amount of Time Needed for Each Strategy 194
Step 5 Allocate Time for Each Study Strategy in a Monthly or Weekly Schedule 195
Step 6 Modify the Plan as Necessary 195
An Example of a Study Plan 197
Content Coverage and Question Format 197
Organize the Content for Study 198
Identify Specific Study Strategies 198
Identify the Amount of Time Needed for Each Strategy 199
Allocate Time for Each Study Strategy in a Weekly Schedule 200
Key Points 201
Follow-Up Activities 201
Chapter 11 Taking Exams 203
Exercise 11.1 Self-Observation: Assessing Test-Taking Strategies 204
What Strategies Can I Use to Answer Objective Test Questions? 204
How Should You Manage Your Time? 205
How Should You Approach Each Question? 205
When Should You Change an Answer? 205
Strategies for True-False Questions 205
Exercise 11.2 Identifying Key Words 206
Strategies for Matching Questions 207
Strategies for Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 207
Strategies for Multiple-Choice Questions 207
Exercise 11.3 Taking a Multiple-Choice Exam 208
What Strategies Can I Use for Answering Essay Writing Prompts? 210
Read the Directions Carefully and Do Exactly What Is Asked 210
Read Each Prompt Carefully to Determine What Is Expected in the Response 210
Determine How You Will Use Your Time 211
Determine the Order in Which You Will Respond to the Prompts 212
Organize Your Response by Making an Outline or Representation (Map) 212
Write Your Answer Following Specific Procedures 212
If Given an Opportunity, Review Your Exam Results 212
Evaluating the Two Essay Responses 212
Exercise 11.4 Evaluating Responses to an Essay Prompt 213
Response 1 213
Response 2 214
Key Points 216
Follow-Up Activities 216
Afterword 219
Motivation 219
Methods of Learning/Monitoring of Performance 221
Use of Time 221
Physical and Social Environment 222
Glossary 223
Appendices
Appendix A Writing Research Papers and Making Individual or Group Presentations 229
Appendix B A Guide for Completing a Self-Regulation Study 235
Appendix C Examples of Self-Regulation Studies 245
References 257
Name Index 267
Subject Index 271