Indian history is one of the richest and most affluent in the world with its inception beyond 5000 years. This glorious past of the country narrates different stories about various human civilizations and foreign invasions faced by the country. Indian History is the perfect blend of East and West as the country has served as Invader’s paradise in its earlier periods. Many invaders from Persia, Arab, Greek, Portuguese and British countries have penetrated this country from time to time. And the great ethics and culture of this pious country has assimilated all these different raiders which resulted into the birth of a single country with multiple diversities on cultural and religious fronts. The people of India have had a continuous civilization since 2500 B.C., when the inhabitants of the Indus River valley developed an urban culture based on commerce and sustained by agricultural trade. This civilization declined around 1500 B.C., probably due to ecological changes. During the second millennium B.C., pastoral, Aryan-speaking tribes migrated from the northwest into the subcontinent. In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established sultanates in Delhi. In the early 16th century, descendants of Genghis Khan swept across the Khyber Pass and established the Mughal (Mogul) Dynasty, which lasted for 200 years. The first British outpost in South Asia was established in 1619 at Surat on the northwestern coast. Later in the century, the East India Company opened permanent trading stations at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta, each under the protection of native rulers. The British expanded their influence from these footholds until, by the 1850s, they controlled most of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. This volumes have been designed as an introductory text which undertakes a through exploration the concepts and practices which define the subject.
