GMO Food: A Reference Handbook

GMO Food: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton
GMO Food: A Reference Handbook

GMO Food: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton

Hardcover(2nd Revised ed.)

$65.00 
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Overview

GMO Food: A Reference Handbook offers an in-depth discussion of genetically modified food. It covers the history of, opposition to, regulation of, and labeling of genetic modifications, along with the potential benefits and harm involved.

GMO Food: A Reference Handbook is intended to serve as a research guide for young adults in high school and beyond. Students at all grade levels should be able to use the book as an introduction to the history of genetic engineering of organisms and the use of this technology for the development of new forms of crops and foods.

They will learn briefly about historic methods of plant and animal modification (such as cross-breeding) and, in more detail, how discoveries since the late nineteenth century have greatly changed the process of plant and animal modification. These discoveries include important steps forward in genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetic engineering, and related fields. They will also learn about the variety of social, political, philosophical, economic, and other issues that have arisen alongside these scientific advances, as well as about some of the laws, regulations, and other solutions that have been developed for dealing with the range of attitudes about genetically modified foods. The second edition covers developments since 2014.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781440877766
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 05/17/2021
Series: Contemporary World Issues
Edition description: 2nd Revised ed.
Pages: 400
Product dimensions: 6.35(w) x 9.25(h) x 1.40(d)

About the Author

David E. Newton holds a BA in chemistry, an MA in education from the University of Michigan, and an EdD in science education from Harvard University.

Table of Contents

Preface to the First Edition xiii

Preface to the Second Edition xvii

1 Background and History 3

Hybridization 4

The Birth of Genetics 6

The Gene 7

The Process of Genetic Engineering 15

Concerns about rDNA Research 20

History of rDNA Regulation 25

Breakthroughs in rDNA Research 28

Genetically Modified Animals 30

Technical Problems 30

Regulatory Issues 35

Genetically Modified Plants 37

Bt Crops 38

Types of Genetically Modified Plants 40

Conclusion 45

References 46

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 61

Opposition to Genetically Modified Foods in the United States 61

Public Opinion on Genetically Modified Foods 64

Public Opinion in the United States 64

Public Opinion in Europe 70

Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops and Foods 72

Regulation in the United States 72

Regulation in the European Union 76

Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods 83

The Labeling Issue in the EU 83

The Labeling Issue in the United States 87

GMO Regulations Worldwide 90

Genetically Modified Crops and Foods: Pros and Cons 91

Agricultural System 92

Potential Benefits 92

Potential Harm 98

Human Health 99

Potential Benefits 99

Potential Harm 101

The Natural Environment 106

Potential Benefits 106

Potential Harm 108

Potential Social and Economic Harm 111

Conclusion 112

References 113

3 Perspectives 133

Introduction 133

Genetic Engineering in Agriculture: Uncertainties and Risks Debal Deb 133

The Case for Teaching Food in Schools Yussra MT Ebrahim 142

Improving Crops with CRISPR Phill Jones 146

In the Know: Genetically Modified Foods Rashmi Nemade 150

Genetically Modified Organisms Tony Owen 155

GMO Foods in Developing Countries Santosh Pandey 158

Labeling Bioengineered Foods: Theory vs. Reality Ellen Rubin 162

Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: Fear of the Unknown? Elizabeth Shoo 167

Accepting Genetically Modified Crops in India Sweta 171

A Growing World Demands New Food Technology Susan Young 175

4 Profiles 183

Introduction 183

Biotechnology Regulatory Services 183

Biotechnology Innovation Organization 185

José Bové (1953-) 188

Herbert Boyer (1936-) 190

Canadian Biotechnology Action Network 192

Center for Food Safety 194

Emmanuelle Charpentier (1968-) 196

Mary-Dell Chilton (1939-) 198

Stanley N. Cohen (1935-) 200

Crop Life International 202

Jennifer Doudna (1964-) 204

Food & Water Watch 207

Robert T. Fraley (1953-) 209

John E. Franz (1929-) 211

Dennis Gonsalves (1943-) 212

Greenpeace International 215

International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications 217

Steve Lindow (1951-) 220

Mark Lynas (1973-) 222

Monsanto (Bayer Crop Science) 224

Non-GMO Project 227

Ingo Potrykus (1933-) 228

Maxine Singer (1931-) 232

Marc van Montagu (1933-) 234

World Health Organization 237

5 Data and Documents 243

Introduction 243

Data 243

Table 5.1. Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States, 2000-19 (percent of all planted crop; all genetically engineered varieties) 244

Table 5.2. Number of Releases of Genetically Engineered Organism Varieties Approved by APHIS, 1985-2013 245

Table 5.3. Total Number of GMO Crop Releases Approved by APHIS, to 2013 246

Table 5.4. Number of Releases Approved by APHIS by Genetic Trait, to 2013 247

Table 5.5. Prevalence of Bt IR and Stacked Gene Crops in U.S. Agriculture, 2000-19 (percentage of each crop) 247

Documents 248

Plant Patent Act of 1930 248

Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303 (1980) 249

Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology (1986) 251

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000) 254

Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods by the European Union (2003) 257

Mendocino County (California) Ban on Genetically Modified Crops (2004/2019) 258

The Safety of Genetically Modified Foods, GAO Report (2002) 262

Invoking of Preemption (North Dakota, SB2277; 2005) 264

Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms, 561 U.S. 139 (2010) 265

Bowman v. Monsanto, et al., 569 U.S. 11-796 (2013) 267

National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (Public Law 114-216) (2016) 269

National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard (2018) 271

Regulation of Gene-Editing Technology (2018) 276

6 Resources 283

Books 283

Articles 293

Reports 308

Internet Sources 311

7 Chronology 327

Glossary 341

Index 349

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