Table of Contents
List of Illustrations viii
Series Editor’s Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Timeline xii
Introduction 1
Talking about Freedom 2
Scholars Weigh In 3
Why Revolution? 5
Comparing Capitalism and Socialism 8
Latin American Attitudes 12
1 Cuba through 1959 15
Colonial History 15
The Colony in the Republic 20
Revolution: A War, or a Process? 28
2 Experiments with Socialism 36
Analyzing the Situation: Economic Backwardness 37
The 1960s: Experimentation and the Great Debate 40
The 1970s: Institutionalization and the Soviet Model 45
Cuba in the 1970s: How it Worked 46
1986: Rectification 51
How Democratic was Cuban Socialism? 51
3 Relations with the United States 54
The United States and Cuba 55
In their Own Words: U.S. Policymakers Respond to Revolution 57
Covert War: Up to the Bay of Pigs 63
Covert War: After the Bay of Pigs 65
The Missile Crisis 68
After the Missile Crisis 70
The War Continues 72
4 Emigration and Internationalism 75
Miami 78
Beyond Miami 80
Cuba’s Global Reach: Beyond the Cold War 81
Cuba and Black Internationalism 82
Cuba in Africa and Latin America 84
Civilian Aid Missions 86
5 Art, Culture, and Revolution 88
Literature 89
Film 94
Music 98
Sport 100
Dance 102
Food 103
Political Culture and Cultural Politics 105
6 Cuba Diversa 110
Race 110
Gender 116
Sexuality 119
Religion 123
7 The “Special Period”: Socialism on One Island 126
1993–95: Rapid‐Fire Reforms 126
Social Impact of the Market Reforms 130
Limits to Capitalism 132
Charting New Territory 134
Contradictions: Inequality and Jineterismo 135
Opting to Leave: The 1994 Exodus 138
Debate and its Limits during the 1990s 141
Debating Democracy 142
Limits to Debate 146
8 Cuba into the Twenty‐First Century 149
From Perfeccionamiento to Recentralization 150
Disillusionment 153
Cuba after Fidel: A New Era? 155
Civil Society into the New Century 159
U.S. Policy: The Bush Era 163
Cuba, Venezuela, and the ALBA 164
Barack Obama and Raúl Castro: A New Relationship? 166
Analyzing the Changes 168
Conclusion 171
Glossary 174
Notes 177
Bibliography 198
Index 214
