Table of Contents

The Sound System and Script of Urdu

Part I: The Sound System of UrduLesson 1: Sounds Similar to EnglishLesson 2: The Consonants r, l, v and the Vowels e and oLesson 3: Aspirated and Unaspirated ConsonantsLesson 4: Dental and Retroflex ConsonantsLesson 5: The Consonants r and rh and the Vowels ai and auLesson 6: The Consonants q, x, and ghLesson 7: Nasalized Vowels and Doubled ConsonantsExercise Answers

Part II: The Urdu ScriptLesson 8: Introduction to the Urdu Script: The be SeriesLesson 9: The jīm Series, sukūn and taśdīdLesson 10: The dāl and re SeriesLesson 11: The sīn and suād SeriesLesson 12: The Vowels vāo, choī ye, and baī yeLesson 13: fe, qāf, kāf, gāf, and lāmLesson 14: Mīm, choī he, do caśmī he, and nūn ghunnaLesson 15: The to and ain SeriesLesson 16: Additional SignsThe Arabic Definite ArticleExercise Answers

Unit 1: Me and My School

1. IntroductionsMeeting Somebody NewIdentifying Classroom ItemsAsking and Answering QuestionsYes-or-No QuestionsGreeting an Acquaintance

2. Me and My ClassmatesExchanging Basic Personal Information

3. My ClassroomListing Items: There Is and There AreNoun Types and FormsIndefinite Words: koī and kuch

4. Describing Classroom ItemsDescribing Items by Their Qualities: AdjectivesAdjectival Question WordsPlurality and Respect with Adjectives and Nouns

5. Giving Commands and Making RequestsThe InfinitiveThe Imperative 6. Unit 1 Review Activities

Unit 2: My Family and My Home 7. Locating Places and ObjectsLocating Places in the CityLocating Places within CountriesLocating Objects in the HomeUsing Postpositions: Oblique Forms

8. Identifying Family MembersUsing the Possessive Postposition kāPossessive PronounsStating the Number of Siblings You Have

9. Describing Family MembersDescribing a Person's Physical AppearanceStating a Person's AgeOblique Adjectives

10. My Home, My BelongingsFeatures of One's HomeExpressing What one Has: Physical PossessionsSummary of Constructions for Expressing Possession

11. Making ComparisonsComparative ConstructionsOblique Pronoun FormsThe Superlative Construction

12. Unit 2 Review Activities

Unit 3: Daily Life

13. My Daily Routine 1Saying Where You Live and WorkDescribing Routine ActivitiesClock TimeUsing Postpositions with Verbs

14. My Daily Routine 2Uses of the InfinitiveReflexive Pronouns

15. Describing Events in ProgressThe Present Continuous Verb TenseConjunct Verbs

16. Weather and ClimateDescribing the WeatherDescribing the Climate

17. Unit 3 Review Activities

Unit 4: In the Market

18. Expressing Likes, Needs, and DesiresExpressing Likes and NeedsContracted ko Pronoun FormsAdditional Uses of the Infinitive

19. Choosing Items and Expressing MeasuresUsing vālā to indicate an ItemMeasures

20. Discussing PricesPrice Constructions

21. Unit 4 Review Activities

Unit 5: My Childhood

22. My Childhood HomeDescribing Past Circumstances 23. Describing One's ChildhoodThe Past Habitual Verb Tense 24. Describing a Scene in the PastThe Past Continuous Verb Tense

25. Expressions of TimeClock-Related Time ExpressionsNon-Clock Based Time Expressions

26. Unit 5 Review Activities

Unit 6: Rules and Responsibilities

27. Rules and RegulationsThe Verb saknāV-ne denāThe verb pānā

28. Expressing CompulsionExpressions of Compulsion

29. Giving and Following InstructionsThe Subjunctive: IntroductionExpressing What One Wants Others to Do

30. Unit 6 Review Activities

Unit 7: A Trip to South Asia

31. My PlansThe Future Verb TenseInvitations and Plans 32. My Travel Plans: Definite and PossibleUsing the Subjunctive with Subordinating Expressions

33. Arranging Transportation and LodgingHow Long It Takes and How Much It CostsImminent Events

34. Finding One's WayGiving and Following Directions

35. Seeking Information for Travel Plans The Conjunction ki

36. Unit 7 Review Activities

Unit 8: Past Events and Experiences

37. My WeekendThe Perfective Verb TenseTransitive and Intransitive VerbsThe Perfective of Transitive Verbs

38. Narrating a StoryThe Past PerfectThe kar Construction

39. My Experience and AccomplishmentsThe Present Perfect Verb TenseStating How Long You Have Been Doing SomethingThe verb cuknā

40. At the DoctorAilments and Physical ConditionsExpressing the Beginning of an ActionCompound Verbs 41. Unit 8 Review Activities

Appendix 1: NumbersCardinal NumbersHigher NumbersOrdinal Numbers

Appendix 2: Grammar SupplementCausative VerbsRelative-Correlative ConstructionsThe Contrafactual Verb FormAdditional Meanings and Uses of honāThe Passive VoiceParticipial Forms

Appendix 3: Additional Information for TeachersUrdu-English GlossaryEnglish-Urdu Glossary

Appendix 3: Additional Information for Teachers

Urdu-English Glossary

English-Urdu Glossary