Zero Emissions Power Cycles / Edition 1

by Evgeny Yantovsky, J. Gorski, Mykola Shokotov

Overview

Focusing on fossil-fueled, nonpolluting power generation systems, Zero Emissions Power Cycles presents alternative solutions to the severe emissions problems of power plants. Along with a description of new thermodynamic cycles and the results of computational analyses, this volume provides modern analytical tools and equations to evaluate exergy and introduce "currentology".

The authors explore various aspects of zero emissions power plant (ZEPP) technology, including carbon dioxide sequestration, ion transport, and oxygen enrichment. They show that ZEPP technology can:

• Provide affordable, clean power to meet expanding energy demand



• Solve critical environmental problems, such as eliminating carbon dioxide and pollutant emissions



• Address energy security issues by supporting the use of diverse fossil fuels, including integrated coal gasification and pulverized coal combustion



• Ease the economic cost of sustainable energy supplies primarily through the use of cogenerated carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery

Addressing the significant human contribution to global warming, this book presents reasonable and effective approaches to minimize the harmful pollution that results from fossil fuel emissions. It shows how to create and operate ZEPPs, making our energy future clean, secure, and inexpensive.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780367385705
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	09/19/2019
Pages:	300
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

About the Author

Yantovsky, Evgeny; Gorski, J.; Shokotov, Mykola

Table of Contents

Preface

Biographical Notes

Acronyms

Chapter 1 Controversial Future 1

1.1 Introduction and Forecast 1

1.2 Reasons for Climate Change 4

1.3 Controversial Statements 5

1.4 Unavoided Carbon Capture at ZEPP (Zero Emission Power Plant) 7

1.5 The Origin of Hydrocarbon Fuels 9

1.6 Thermodynamics of a Reaction with Methane Formation of CO₂ and Fayalite 14

1.7 Emerging Task-The Sequestration 16

References 16

Chapter 2 Cycles Review 19

2.1 Carbon Capture Methods 19

2.2 Early Attempts 21

2.3 Industry First Becomes Interested 23

2.4 Continued Development 26

2.5 ZEPP Cycles Incorporating Oxygen Ion Transport Membranes 34

2.6 Zero Emissions Vehicle Cycle-Preliminary Section 40

2.7 Toward a Zero Emissions Industry 43

2.8 An Important Paper 45

2.9 Some Additional Remarks 45

References 67

Chapter 3 Zero Emissions Quasicombined Cycle with External Oxygen Supply 73

3.1 Carbon Dioxide-Thermodynamic Properties, Pure and Mixtures 73

3.2 Gas Mixtures 80

3.3 Efficiency of Compressor and Turbine for Real Gas Conditions 83

3.4 Detailed Simulation of a Zero Emissions Power Cycle on Pure Carbon Dioxide 85

References 93

Chapter 4 Oxygen Ion Transport Membranes 95

4.1 Nernst Effect 95

4.2 Oxygen Ion Transport Membrane Reactors for ZEPPS 98

4.3 Chemical Looping Combustion 103

References 105

Chapter 5 The ZEITMOP Cycle and Its Variants 107

5.1 The ZEITMOP Cycle with Separate ITMR and Coal-Powder Firing 107

5.2 Gas-Fired ZEITMOP Version with Combined ITMR and Combustor 108

5.3 A Zero Emissions Boiler House for Heating and Cooling 111

5.4 A Transport Power Unit Version Using a Turbine 111

5.5 A Zero Emissions Aircraft Engine 114

5.6 A Membrane Smokeless Heater 115

5.7 A Zero Emissions Rankine Cycle 116

5.8 Boiler Integrated with ITM Combustor 116

References 118

Chapter 6 Detailed Simulation of the ZEITMOP Cycle 121

6.1 Turbomachinery for Carbon Dioxide as a Working Substance 121

6.2 ZEITMOP Cycle Analysis 126

6.3 ZEITMOP Cycle with Combined Combustion Chamber and ITM Reactor 130

6.4 Simulation of Oxygen Transport Membrane Units 133

6.5 Results and Discussion 135

References 138

Chapter 7 Zero Emissions Piston Engines with Oxygen Enrichment 141

7.1 Main Culprit 141

7.2 ZEMPES Outline 143

7.3 Hi-Ox ZEMPES 145

7.4 Addition of Thermochemical Recuperation (TCR) 147

7.5 Membrane Reactor for Piston Engines 148

7.6 Zero Emissions Turbodiesel 151

7.7 Membrane Reactor for Turbodiesel 153

7.8 Numeric Example 154

7.9 High-Temperature Heat Exchanger for Turbodiesel 157

7.10 Economics of ZEMPES on Different Fuels 158

7.11 Piston Engine with Pressure Swing Adsorption Oxygen Reactor 162

7.11.1 The Proposed Schematics 162

7.11.2 Oxygen Separation from Air 166

7.11.3 Calculation Results 167

7.12 Trigenerator for Enhancement of Oil Recovery (EOR) 169

7.12.1 Calculations 171

References 174

Chapter 8 Solar Energy Conversion through Photosynthesis and Zero Emissions Oxy-Fuel Combustion 177

8.1 Biomass Combustion-Is It a Sustainable Energy? 177

8.2 A Short History of Algae Cultivation and Use 179

8.3 What Is ULVA? 180

8.4 Macroalgae as a Renewable Fuel 184

8.5 Macroalgae Cultivation in Israel and Italy 187

8.6 Energy Flow Concentration 187

8.7 Power Unit Outlook 188

8.8 Gasification 191

8.9 Water Desalination 191

8.10 Comparison with the First Soft Version of 1991 194

References 194

Chapter 9 Associated Tool for Calculations 197

Introduction 197

9.1 What Is Exergy? 197

9.1.1 Natural Questions 198

9.1.2 Mountain Bike 198

9.1.3 Waterfall 200

9.1.4 Carnot Analogy 201

9.1.5 Thermal Friction 203

9.1.6 A Warning 204

9.1.7 Rubber Balloon 204

9.1.8 What Is Exergy? 206

9.1.9 Reference State 208

9.1.10 Exergy Unit 208

9.1.11 Exergy Efficiency 210

9.1.12 Where Is Exergy Lost? 211

9.1.13 Exergy Flow Direction 212

9.1.14 Exergy from Ocean 212

9.1.15 Heating of Dwellings 215

9.1.16 The Magic Number 217

9.2 Exergonomics 218

9.2.1 Exergy versus Money 219

9.2.2 The Main Criterion of Exergonomics 220

9.2.3 Invested Exergy Models 221

9.2.4 DC Electrical Conductor 222

9.2.5 Heat Transfer through a Wall 223

9.2.6 Thermal Insulation Optimization 225

9.3 Exergy Conversion in the Thermochemical Recuperator of a Piston Engine 227

9.3.1 Example of Exergy Calculation 227

9.3.2 Processes in TCR 228

9.3.3 Exergy Balance 230

9.3.4 Results of Calculations 233

9.4 Currentology as an Intermediate File 234

9.4.1 Divergence Form Equation 234

9.4.2 Information as Negative Entropy 236

9.4.3 Thermal Charges 238

9.4.4 Generalized Friction 239

9.4.5 Some Equations 239

9.4.6 Impulse Conservation 240

9.4.7 Energy Conservation 241

9.4.8 Exergy Current Vector 243

9.4.9 Conductive, Convective and Wave Transfer 244

9.4.10 Infoelectric Effect Expectation 245

9.5 Pareto Optimization of Power Cycles 246

9.5.1 Coordinates Frame 247

9.5.2 Invested and Current Expenditures 248

9.5.3 Exergy Minimization 249

9.5.4 Monetary and Pollution Optimization 250

9.5.5 Pareto Optimization Procedure 251

9.5.6 Numeric Illustrations 252

References 254

Chapter 10 Two Lectures for Students and Faculty of Dublin Institute of Technology (2003) 257

10.1 To Ban or Not To Ban? (On the Human Right To Breathe and Global Warming) 257

10.2 On the Fate of a Mechanical Engineer (Lecture at Dublin Institute of Technology, October 30, 2003) Professor Dr. E. Yantovsky 262

Chapter 11 Concluding Remarks 271

Index 273