Digital Copyright: Law and Practice / Edition 5

by Simon Stokes

Overview

The first edition of this book in 2002 was the first UK text to examine digital copyright together with related areas such as performers' rights, moral rights, database rights and competition law as a subject in its own right. Now in its fifth edition, the book has been substantially updated and revised to take account of legal and policy developments in copyright law and related areas, the new UK copyright exceptions, recent CJEU cases, the regulation of Collective Management Organisations, orphan works, and developments in EU copyright legislation and the EU's Digital Single Market Strategy. It also contains new sections on big data and data mining, the impact of artificial intelligence and blockchain on copyright, and the future for UK copyright after Brexit. The book helps put digital copyright law and policy into perspective and provides practical guidance for those creating or exploiting digital content or technology, whether in academia, the software, information, publishing and creative industries, or other areas of the economy. The focus of Digital Copyright is on the specifics of the law in this area together with practical aspects. Both academics and practitioners will find the book an invaluable guide to this ever-expanding field of law.

Review of Previous Edition:
'Overall, Digital Copyright is well worth the relatively modest price for a book that will be stimulating for anyone who has to think about copyright in the digital realm.'
Francis Davey, Jourbanal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781509917297
Publisher:	Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date:	01/24/2019
Edition description:	Fifth Edition
Pages:	360
Product dimensions:	6.14(w) x 9.21(h) x 0.81(d)

About the Author

Simon Stokes is a solicitor and a partner with Blake Morgan in London.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Fourth Edition v

Acknowledgements (Fourth Edition) vii

Acknowledgements (Third Edition) vii

Acknowledgements (Second Edition) vii

Acknowledgements (First Edition) vii

Glossary xvii

Table of Cases xxix

Table of Legislation xxxvii

1 Why Digital Copyright Matters 1

1.1 Overview of this Book 1

1.1.1 This Chapter and the Book 2

1.2 Copyright: Its Scope and Rationale 2

1.2.1 Why Have Copyright? 2

1.2.2 The Case Against Copyright and Copyright Reform 3

1.2.3 Limits on Copyright 5

1.2.4 Justifying Copyright 6

1.2.5 Originality and Copyright 7

1.2.6 Moral Rights 7

1.2.7 Copyright and Other Intellectual Property (IP) Rights 8

1.3 The International Aspect of Copyright 8

1.3.1 Background 8

1.3.2 An Example 9

1.3.3 The Internet and International Copyright 10

1.4 The Digital Challenge to Copyright 11

1.5 Internet Technology and Copyright 12

1.5.1 How the Internet Works 12

1.6 International Legislation 16

1.6.1 Electronic Commerce Directive 16

1.6.2 Information Society Directive 17

1.7 The Future 18

1.7.1 The Death of Copyright 18

1.7.2 A New Future for Copyright 19

1.7.3 Concluding Thoughts 20

2 Digital Copyright: The Basics 22

2.1 Introduction 22

2.1.1 Overview 22

2.1.2 Sources of Law 22

2.2 What Digital Copyright Protects 23

2.2.1 UK Law 23

2.2.2 Digital Copyright Works 23

2.2.3 Criteria for Protection ie Work Must Be 'Original' 27

2.2.4 Who is the Author (Including for Computer-generated Works)? 29

2.2.5 The Need for Fixation/permanence of the Work 30

2.2.6 Qualifying Factors for Protection and Digital Copyright Formalities 30

2.2.7 Duration of Protection 31

2.2.8 Other Digital Rights Neighbouring Copyright or Related to it 32

2.3 How Digital Copyright can be Infringed 39

2.3.1 Digital Aspects 41

2.3.2 Remedies for Copyright Infringement 42

2.4 Exceptions and Defences to Digital Copyright Infringement 43

2.4.1 Statutory Exceptions 43

2.4.2 Licences 50

2.4.3 Public Policy Defences 50

2.5 Who Owns the Digital Copyright? 51

2.5.1 Employees, Directors and Commissioned Works 51

2.5.2 Authorship and Joint Ownership 52

2.5.3 Collecting Societies 53

2.6 The Implementation of the Electronic Commerce and Information Society Directives into UK Law 53

2.6.1 Implementation of the Electronic Commerce Directive 54

2.6.2 Implementation and Effect of the Information Society Directive 58

3 Digital Database Law and the Internet 64

3.1 The Relationship Between Copyright and Database Right 64

3.1.1 Position Before 1 January 1998 64

3.1.2 Position from 1 January 1998 65

3.2 Digital Copyright Protection for Databases 65

3.3 Database Right Protection 67

3.3.1 British Horseracing Board Limited v William Hill (2001) 69

3.3.2 The ECJ Decision 71

3.3.3 Impact of the ECJ Decision in the UK Courts 72

3.3.4 Future Development of the Database Directive 74

3.4 Some Practical Suggestions 75

4 Digital Moral Rights: The Basics 78

4.1 What are Digital Moral Rights? 78

4.1.1 Background 78

4.1.2 UK Law 80

4.2 How are Digital Moral Rights Infringed? 81

4.2.1 Right of Paternity 81

4.2.2 Derogatory Treatment 82

4.2.3 Moral Rights in the USA 84

4.2.4 Performers' Moral Rights 84

4.2.5 Implications of Moral Rights for the Digital Environment 86

4.3 Dealing with Moral Rights in Practice 87

5 Digital Rights and Competition Law 89

5.1 Overview: Competition Law and Digital Copyright 89

5.2 UK Competition Law 90

5.2.1 The Competition Act 1998 90

5.2.2 Restraint of Trade Doctrine 93

5.3 EU Law 94

5.4 Penalties for Breaching Competition Law 94

5.5 Implications for Digital Copyright Businesses 95

5.5.1 E-commerce Generally 95

5.5.2 Software and Other Digital Copyright Licences 95

5.5.3 Digital Copyright Distribution Agreements 97

5.5.4 Unfair Prices or Predatory Pricing 98

5.5.5 Maintenance 98

5.5.6 End-user Sales 99

5.5.7 Refusal to License Digital Copyright to Competitors 100

5.5.8 Excessive Pricing 104

5.5.9 Content Bundling 104

5.5.10 Exhaustion of Rights in Digital Copyright Products 105

5.5.11 E-books 108

5.5.12 Collecting Societies 109

5.6 Concluding Comments 110

6 Software Copyright 111

6.1 Code and Copyright: The Basics 111

6.2 The Software Directive 113

6.3 What Does Software Copyright Protect? 116

6.3.1 John Richardson Computers Ltd v Flanders 117

6.3.2 Ibcos Computers Ltd v Barclays Mercantile Highland Finance Ltd 118

6.3.3 Cantor Fitzgerald v Tradition 119

6.3.4 Navitaire Inc v Easyjet Airline Co. & Anor 121

6.3.5 Nova Productions v Mazooma Games; Nova Productions v Bell Fruit Games 125

6.3.6 SAS Institute Inc v World Programming Ltd 127

6.3.7 Software copyright following Cantor Fitzgerald, Navitaire, Nova Productions and SAS Institute 131

6.4 The Challenge of the Open Source Movement to Software Copyright 133

6.4.1 Some Issues 133

7 Digital Copyright and E-Commerce 135

7.1 Content Reuse 136

7.1.1 Specific Issues for Audio-visual Content 137

7.1.2 Some Examples from the Case Law 138

7.1.3 Lessons to be Learnt 139

7.2 Licensing and Linking 140

7.2.1 Licensing Digital Copyright Works 141

7.2.2 Linking 144

7.3 Digital Image Protection 150

7.3.1 Copyright in Digital Images 150

7.3.2 Infringing Image Rights 152

7.3.3 Protecting Digital Images 152

7.4 Lawful Use of Search Engines 153

7.4.1 Background 153

7.4.2 The US Experience 154

7.4.3 Kelly v Arriba Soft (USA) 155

7.4.4 Practical Issues 162

7.5 Napster, Grokster, MP3 and Beyond: A UK view 163

7.5.1 The UK Position: Legal Overview 164

7.5.2 US Law 166

7.5.3 Napster, Grokster and Beyond 168

7.5.4 The UK Experience 171

7.5.5 Where To Next? 174

7.6 Service Provider Liability 174

7.6.1 Background 174

7.6.2 Clarifying the Position 175

7.7 Standards and Web Content 176

7.8 Streaming Media and Digital Copyright 177

7.8.1 Piracy and Streaming 178

7.8.2 Defences Against Piracy 178

7.8.3 Concluding Thoughts 179

7.9 Technical Protection Measures and Fair Use: The End of Copyright? 179

7.9.1 Background 179

7.9.2 The Position in the USA 180

7.9.3 The UK Position Prior to 31 October 2003 182

7.9.4 The European Dimension 183

7.9.5 UK Implementation of Effective Technological Measures and ERMI 186

7.9.6 Technological Measures and Permitted Acts, Fair Use and Fair Dealing 189

7.9.7 The Future of Digital Rights Management (DRM) 190

8 Digital Copyright, Web 2.0, E-Publishing and APPS 192

8.1 Web 2.0 and Copyright 192

8.1.1 Web 2.0 Legal Issues: Background 193

8.1.2 Dealing with the Issues: The Importance of Contractual and/or Licence Terms 193

8.1.3 Some Specific Issues 195

8.2 Fair Dealing and Web 2.0 196

8.2.1 Google Book Search 196

8.2.2 Google News 197

8.2.3 Copiepresse v Google 198

8.2.4 The UK Position 199

8.3 Liability for Hosting and/or Distributing Infringing Content 200

8.3.1 Viacom v Google 200

8.3.2 Co-regulation: A Future Approach to Illicit P2P Copying of Material? 201

8.3.3 Online Infringement and the Digital Economy Act 202

8.3.4 Injunctions Against Service Providers 203

8.4 E-publishing 204

8.4.1 Introduction 204

8.4.2 E-books 204

8.4.3 Open Access 206

8.5 App Development and Licensing 209

8.5.1 Introduction 209

8.5.2 App Development and Licensing 210

9 Protecting and Managing Your Digital Copyright Assets 211

9.1 General 211

9.1.1 Acquiring Rights: Ownership of Digital Copyright 211

9.1.2 Acquiring Rights: Licensing Digital Copyrights 212

9.1.3 Protecting and Exploiting Digital Copyrights 212

9.2 Issues for Specific Industries 213

9.2.1 General Industrial 213

9.2.2 Financial and Professional Services 214

9.2.3 Telecommunications and ISPs 214

9.2.4 Software and Computer Games 215

9.2.5 Publishing and Information Providers 216

9.2.6 Broadcasting, Entertainment and Music 217

9.2.7 Gaming and Betting 218

9.2.8 Auction Houses and Collectibles Sites 218

9.2.9 Museums, Galleries, and Picture Libraries 219

9.2.10 Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology and Bio-information/ Bio-informatics Industries 220

9.2.11 Universities/Higher Education Sector 221

9.3 The Role of Collecting Societies in the Digital Environment 222

9.3.1 The Future of Collecting Societies in the Digital Environment 223

9.3.2 The Major Collecting Societies in the UK 226

9.4 Orphan Works, Extended Collective Licensing and Digital Copyright Exchanges/Copyright Hubs 228

9.5 Precedent Checklists and Precedents 231

9.5.1 Checklist-Acquiring Software (Digital Copyright User Focus) 231

9.5.2 Checklist: Acquiring Internet Content (Digital Copyright User Focus) 233

9.5.3 Checklist: Digital Copyright Distribution and Licensing (Digital Copyright Licensor Focus) 234

9.5.4 Open Source Licences: Checklist of Licensing options 237

9.5.5 Creative Commons 240

9.5.6 Cloud Computing/Software as a Service (SaaS) 241

9.5.7 Linking Agreement 242

9.5.8 Website Terms 245

9.5.9 Sample Assignment of Copyright, Moral Rights Waiver/Assertion and Licence 249

Index 251

Editorial Reviews

Simon Stokes has once again written a work that somehow manages to be both concise and comprehensive. This is a most impressive achievement wrapped up in a highly readable volume…Within its pages legal practitioners and academics, students, and those with a general interest in the regulation of our increasingly digitised world will find a treasure trove of useful information and analysis.” —The Jourbanal of E-Commerce, Technology and Communications, Vol 13: Issue 1, Jan 2007

“…an invaluable guide to creators of rights, at any stage in their career, and to their advisors.” —The Law Teacher, Vol 41, No 1

“This second edition of Simon Stokes' excellent text is that rare thing, a book that combines detailed analysis of the relevant law and useful practical guidance in a succinct, readable, well-structured form. It will be valuable to anyone with an interest in this area…The strength of this book is that, as well as engaging with high-level theoretical and policy arguments, it analyses the specific application of copyright law in the digital world, and builds on this to discuss specific practical issues for the lawyer or advisor.” —Copyright Reporter, Vol 24, No 3

“The text is crisp and clear…The author employs examples and cases drawn from numerous jurisdictions, checklists and chapter summaries to great effect.” —European Intellectual Property Review, Vol 28, Issue 3

“...a most scholarly work and the issues are structured very cleverly which enlivens the reader's interest. There is also great emphasis on practical aspects; it is well researched and will undoubtedly be essential reading and prove useful the practitioner, academics and students.” —SCOLAG Legal Jourbanal

From the Publisher